Экономический рост в регионах Дальневосточного федерального округа: тренды и факторы

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities and trends of economic growth on the example of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. A review of the main models of economic growth, including Harrod-Do-Mar, R. Solow, Uzawa-Lucas, etc. models is presented; the indicators used in these models to assess the level of economic growth are given. In most of the models, labor productivity, dynamics of employment volume and structure, structural shifts in the economy are used as the most important indicators to assess the degree of economic growth. As a result of the assessment of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District the reduction of population in the dynamics of recent years was revealed, with the exception of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which is characterized by an increase in the average annual population. The dynamics and correlation of the value of gross regional product per capita and average per capita cash income of the population of the Far Eastern regions were studied. It is shown that the dynamics of the average annual number of residents is influenced to a greater extent by the migration inflow/outflow of population in the Far Eastern regions. The analysis of statistical data for the five-year period has shown that the level of inequality is increasing for the Far Eastern regions with high rates of economic growth and high median average per capita income. For the rest of the Far Eastern regions with average and below average median per capita incomes, economic growth (or even a decrease in the five-year average per capita gross regional product, for example, as in the Sakhalin Oblast) is associated with a decrease in income inequality. In addition, it has been established that the upward trend of economic growth does not necessarily lead to an increase in the quantity and quality of jobs and employment in the regional labor market. However, the region should be labor-sufficient both in terms of quantity and quality of labor resources. The specific features of structural shifts in the economy of the Far Eastern regions are revealed, the perspective directions of growth of the regional economy are determined.