Abstract
The article presents a bibliographical sketch of the main theoretical positions of Eurasianists in the aspect of their ideas about the position of Russia in the Eurasian space. An analysis of the works of the proponents of the civilizational approach has shown that, despite their ideological opposition to Eurasianism, they also made a contribution to the study of Russia as part of Eurasian civilization. The conceptual developments of the Novosibirsk school of ethnosociology on the civilizational role of Russia identified the main security challenges for Russia and the tasks that Eurasian civilization is facing today.