This research aims to develop and analyze a hybrid digital signature protocol, QDS-Hybrid, which combines quantum verification and the post-quantum Dilithium algorithm. The objectives of the research include ensuring resistance to quantum attacks and classical threats, optimizing the speed of signature generation and verification while maintaining unconditional security based on quantum mechanics, and identifying solutions to the problems of quantum memory, decoherence, and scalability of existing QDS protocols. The research proposes a hybrid approach based on quantum-classical synthesis. The paper also provides a proof of security using the qCMA (Quantum Chosen Message Attack) model and universal compositional security (UC). The protocol provides protection against state substitution and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks through QZKP (Quantum Zero-Knowledge Proof). It is proven that a hack requires simultaneously breaking Dilithium and QKD. The paper proposes solutions for eliminating dependence on quantum memory through dynamic state generation and one-time keys. The paper demonstrates paths to decentralization through blockchain and quantum Byzantine agreements. The key innovation obtained in the study is a hybrid architecture that integrates Dilithium with quantum verification via phase encoding. Implemented QZKP verification helps for signature authenticity confirmation without revealing the secret key, using the properties of quantum entanglement and the no-cloning theorem. QDS-Hybrid demonstrates a practical compromise between security and efficiency, addressing the key shortcomings of purely quantum protocols.
