коэффициент сопротивления экономической среды,
основные факторы производства,
уравнение экономического роста,
инвестиции,
уравнение параболического типа,
конечно-временные разности
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the resistance of the economic environment affecting economic growth in national economies. An analysis of various factors hindering development allowed us to group them into four main categories: macroeconomic, institutional, social, and external. Numerical calculations were performed using the vector equation of the growth of the main factors of production (labor resources and fixed capital). The authors assume that investments are immediately utilized, and the growth rate of the main factors of production is described by a parabolic-type equation. This takes into account the coefficient of resistance of the economic environment, reflecting investment losses, slowing down of economic development, and resistance to the growth of the main factors of production. The paper presents a method for statistical estimation of the resistance coefficient based on finite-time differences of derivatives. Using statistical data for Russia, the authors calculated the dynamics of the behavior of the resistance coefficients of the economic environment for each factor of production. The first noticeable increase in the coefficient occurred in 2008, which is associated with the economic crisis in Russia. In 2013, the resistance coefficient of the eco-nomic environment turned out to be negative, which indicated favorable conditions for the development of the Russian economy during this period. The negative impact of the coeffi-cient was observed during the pandemic and due to sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union after the start of the Special Military Operation (SVO). Modeling of the resistance coefficient of the environment for the United States was carried out. The results obtained can be used to improve approaches to managing investment processes and assessing the effectiveness of implemented economic measures. The model and methodology for as-sessing the resistance coefficient can be applied to the analysis of the dynamics of factors of production for other national economies.
