протекционизм,
промышленная политика,
мировая торговля,
технологические цепочки,
технологии,
экспорт,
регионы
Abstract
This article analyzes the transformation of international interactions in foreign trade and technology exchange under globalization. It explores the mechanisms by which countries transition from global integration to partial technological independence, driven by political and economic challenges. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of protectionism and industrial policy as tools for achieving competitiveness and innovative development. The article analyzes cases of leading economies demonstrating a balance between technological interdependence and the desire for autonomy in strategic sectors. It concludes that a selective approach to regulating international economic relations and technological cooperation is necessary.
